I. Food crops
paddy Rice cultivation in China has a history of more than 8000 years. By the Ming Dynasty, rice varieties had been divided into indica, japonica, waxy and early, middle and late maturity. In the first year of the Republic of China, Pingjiang County Agricultural Association set up the first experimental farm to conduct experimental research on rice cultivation. In 30 ~ 32 years, Pingjiang, Huarong, Yueyang and other counties set up agricultural technology extension institutes to carry out improved rice breeding, expand indica rice and reduce glutinous rice and popularize ratooning rice cultivation techniques. In the past 33 years, Pingjiang County Agricultural Extension Institute has selected indica No.1 (Shengli indica) and 546 (Wanli indica) through variety comparison test. In 1949, the promotion area of improved rice varieties in China reached more than 1.4 million mu. In 1950s, in , around the reform of paddy field farming system from single cropping to double cropping, six comprehensive technical reforms were carried out, namely, changing inferior species into improved species, changing single maturity period into early, middle and late maturity, changing paddy field into wet paddy field, changing convenient sparse planting into reasonable close planting, changing deep irrigation into shallow irrigation, and changing winter soaking field into winter planting green manure, which promoted the first major reform of rice production. In 1959, the area of double-cropping rice in China reached 1.707 million mu, accounting for 34.57% of the total rice area in that year.
In the 1960s, dwarf indica rice and late japonica rice varieties with high yield, fertilizer tolerance, lodging resistance and suitable growth period were introduced and selected. In 1962, varieties such as Nante, Tuankeli, Qingjinjin, Guanglu ‘ai No.4, Guangjie No.9, Nongken No.58 and Nonghu No.6 were introduced from Guangdong. In the same year, the Provincial Department of Agriculture planted late japonica rice in Xinhua Village, Xiangyin County (now Taolin Township, Miluo City) to obtain high yield. The following year, along the section from Fanjiayuan to Gaojiafang of Beijing-Guangzhou Railway (now Miluo City), 58 large-scale demonstration films of 30 kilometers of agricultural reclamation were held, and a technical brochure entitled "Harvest of 500 mu of double-cropping rice" was compiled and issued. In 1965, Yueyang Agriculture Bureau compiled the information of "High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Double Cropping Rice" and formed a technical report group to tour and teach in various counties. By 1966, 5.242 million mu of rice had been sown in China, with a grain yield of 1.125 million tons and a yield of 210 kilograms per mu, achieving the first leap in grain production. From 1967 to 1970, Chen Shengyu, a regional agricultural research institute, bred Yuenong No.2 and Radiant Agricultural Reclamation No.58 by means of hybridization and radiation breeding, and spread them to various places. These two achievements won the second and third prizes of regional scientific and technological achievements respectively. Yuenong No.2 also won the first prize of provincial high-quality rice and the Golden Cup prize of high-quality agricultural products of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, and Radiation Farm 58 was recommended to be sent to the application exhibition room of Central Atomic Energy in agriculture for exhibition. By 1969, 4,321,400 mu of dwarf varieties and 2,115,600 mu of japonica rice had been popularized in China, accounting for 82.5% and 42.3% of the total planting area in that year respectively.
In 1970s, scientific farming was popularized, and haploid breeding and large-scale hybrid seed production were started. In 1972, Fang Pingyi of Yueyang County Agricultural Institute took the lead in carrying out haploid breeding research in the province. After seven or eight years of experiments, he was bred to
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In the 1980s, the research focused on the breeding of improved varieties with high quality, high yield and multi-resistance and the development technology of tons of grain fields. In 1982, Chen Shengyu discovered early-maturing and high-quality mutant plants from 80-410. After several generations of systematic breeding, Yuezaoxian No.2 (Xiangzaoxian No.5) was selected as an excellent variety, which was identified by the Provincial Science and Technology Commission and confirmed to be popularized in double-cropping rice areas in the province. This achievement won the first prize of municipal scientific and technological progress and the third prize of provincial scientific and technological progress. Based on the principle of system engineering, the Grain Crop Station of Pingjiang County Agricultural Bureau optimized the high-yield cultivation technology scheme of double-cropping rice, which achieved good results and won the third prize of municipal scientific and technological progress. In 1983, an experimental demonstration of double-cropping hybrid rice was carried out, with an yield of 950 kg per mu. The average yield of hybrid late rice in China is 368 kg per mu, which is the first time to achieve yield per unit area and total yield of super early rice. In 1984, the regional agricultural research institute began to cross IR56 with the indica-japonica intermediate E3-15.6332, and in the seventh generation, a high-quality late indica rice variety was bred, named Yuewanxian No.1, which was rated as the second-class high-quality rice variety in the province. At the same time, the breeding of japonica three lines, seed-saving cultivation, investigation of high-quality rice seeds, popularization of "double two majors" technology and utilization of paclobutrazol were carried out. With the adoption of excellent hybrid rice combinations and the maturity of cultivation techniques, the development of tons of grain fields is gradually spread out.
In the 1990s, the efforts to promote agriculture through science and technology increased. While reforming the traditional farming methods, we will comprehensively promote the development of dry seedling raising, improved rice and tons of grain fields. In 1990, the area of over-ton grain fields in the city reached 405,000 mu, and the total grain output reached 2.65 million tons, achieving the third leap. One rice variety was rated as a national high-quality rice variety and eight as a provincial high-quality rice variety. In 1991, Yuewanxian No.3, which was bred by Chen Shengyu, chief agronomist of the Municipal Agriculture Bureau, was still purchased at a price of about 50 kilograms of 80 yuan under the weak market. The variety passed the municipal appraisal in 1994 and was awarded the provincial third-class high-quality rice in 1995. In 1996, the technique of dry-breeding and seedling throwing of early rice with floppy disk was first applied in the whole city, with an average yield of 372 kg per mu, 62.3 kg more than that of conventional cultivation mu, which completely changed the traditional working mode of transplanting rice with the loess facing the sky. In 1998, this project won the second prize of municipal scientific and technological progress. In the same period, the seed soaking technology of paclobutrazol and spraying technology of "full grain" were popularized, and the average yield per mu increased by 32 kg and 41 kg. In 1992, the project won the first prize of the provincial agricultural science and technology progress. Xiangwanxian No.3, a new late rice variety with high quality, researched by Jiang Xunping, a senior agronomist of the Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences, was successfully selected and won the second prize of provincial scientific and technological progress. Li Fuchun, a municipal agricultural school, conducted research on insect nematodes; Guangtezao, an extra-early indica rice breeding in Miluo Agricultural Technology Extension Center; and the technical development of double-cropping rice fields with over tons of grain per mu jointly undertaken by Xiangyin Agricultural Bureau and County Agricultural Technology Extension Center won the fourth prize of provincial scientific and technological progress and achievement promotion respectively. Extension of high-quality rice and hybrid riceThe promotion of "double and big" cultivation techniques won provincial and municipal awards respectively.
Dry grain In 1950s, the production of dry grain was mainly to renew varieties and study supporting cultivation techniques. The varieties introduced and popularized successively include: sweet potato Shengli No.100, Nanruiping, Guangdong Baipi, wheat Nanda 2419, Zhongda 2505, Geely Wheat, and corn Golden Queen.
In the 1960 s, the research on changing one cropping to two cropping was mainly carried out. The agricultural science and technology department summarizes the experience of dry farming in different places, and selects the supporting cultivation modes such as wheat sweet potato, wheat corn and soybean sweet potato. In terms of cultivation techniques, a number of research and popularization were carried out, such as broad bean topping, sweet potato hotbed seedling raising, density, sowing date, fertilization and so on, and the yield was increased.
During the 1970s and 1980s, the research on changing double cropping into multiple cropping and cultivation techniques was mainly carried out, and the breeding of new varieties of dry grain was carried out. In 1971, the Agricultural Technology Station in Wengjiang District, Pingjiang County learned from the experience of double cropping in dry land in Cili County, and combined with the local conditions, carried out the experiment and demonstration of triple cropping in the form of sweet potato interplanting with corn and soybean, and formed the continuous cropping intercropping system of wheat-corn interplanting with sweet potato, broad bean-sweet potato intercropping with corn, potato-corn intercropping with sweet potato and wheat interplanting with peanut corn, which achieved good economic benefits. In 1974, the Provincial Crop Research Institute cooperated with Xiangyin, Hengnan County Agricultural Bureau and other units to breed a new sweet potato variety Xiangshu 7. The following year, the Provincial Crop Research Institute cooperated with the Grain and Oil Station of Linxiang Agricultural Bureau to select a new soybean variety Xiangchundou 10. During this period, the agricultural departments of prefectures and counties introduced single-cross, double-cross, mixed species of corn and original hybrid sorghum and Shanxi hybrid series of fine varieties; Popularize the technology of raising sweet potato seedlings in cow dung hotbed covered with plastic film and fire pit hotbed, and the cultivation method of burying sweet potato tips and laying eggs. Pingjiang county popularized the cultivation method of "double rows of cultivation and double rows of planting", and the cultivation method of 5,000 acres was double-shaped. Sweet potatoes were intercropped with one row of corn and soybean was interplanted at the edge of the field, which achieved good economic benefits. In 1985, the triple cropping area of dry soil in Wengjiang District of this county was 13,530 mu, accounting for 85% of the total area of dry soil, and the total output increased by more than 2,000 tons compared with that before the reform. In 1991, the new mung bean variety Zhonglv No.1 and its interplanting technology popularization, led by the Grain and Oil Station of the Municipal Agriculture Bureau and jointly participated by Huarong, Linxiang and Yueyang counties, won the fourth prize of provincial achievement popularization.
After the development experience of hilly corn in Miluo City was popularized in the whole city, in 1996, the planting area of the whole city was 273,800 mu, with a total output of 66,240 tons, which was the best level in history. After the catastrophic flood that year, the whole city transferred 83.5 tons of autumn seeds, with a planting area of 44,200 mu, mainly selling fresh sticks, with a net income of 400 ~ 800 yuan.
Second, the cash crop
oil seed rape During the 1950s and 1960s, cabbage was the main rape variety. In 1954, the cabbage-type Shengli rape was first introduced, and then seven-star sword, short shelf early, Chuanyou No.2 and Qinyou No.2 were introduced. In 1970s and 1980s, cabbage varieties were popularized. In terms of cultivation techniques, the sowing was changed to on-demand sowing, and the direct sowing was changed to seedling transplanting and rice, rice and oil triple cropping experiment. In 1976, Wang Ronghua, a regional agricultural institute, bred a new early-maturing cabbage variety 789-1 with Jingyao No.1 as the female parent and Xiuyou No.2 as the male parent, which was suitable for the triple cropping areas in northern and central Hunan, and won the second prize of the municipal science and technology progress award. In 1978, experiments were carried out on sowing date, transplanting date, planting density and fertilization of early, middle and late maturing varieties. In 1982, Li Youhua, Zheng Jiaomin, Cai Zhi of the Municipal Agriculture Bureau, Hou Qifang and Cao Fentian of Huarong County Agriculture Bureau successfully introduced Zhongyou 821, a cabbage-type, medium-maturing, disease-resistant and high-yield variety, from the Oil Crops Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and became the main rape variety in China for a while. This achievement won the second prize of the Municipal Science and Technology Progress Award and the fourth prize of the Provincial Science and Technology Progress Award. In 1983, the supporting technology of "strong winter seedlings and steady spring seedlings" was popularized. In 1987, the Municipal Grain and Oil Station took the lead in popularizing late-maturing, disease-resistant and high-yield hybrid rape Qinyou 2. In 1998, 270,000 mu was popularized and the yield per mu was 141 kg, which was 65.4% higher than that of conventional rape. As a result, Huarong, Pingjiang, Xiangyin, Linxiang and Yueyang were awarded by the State Council. This achievement won the first prize of municipal scientific and technological progress and the second prize of provincial agricultural department.Leading by the Grain and Oil Station of the Municipal Agriculture Bureau, the promotion of high-quality and high-yield rape cultivation techniques in Huarong County, Qianlianghu and Junshan Farm won the second prize of the Municipal Science and Technology Progress Award.
cotton In the 19th year of the Republic of China, a provincial cotton breeding farm was established in Zhuzikou, Huarong County to carry out variety selection and quality inspection and popularize cotton planting technology. In 35 years, the German cotton No.531 introduced by the Provincial Agricultural Improvement Institute was popularized in Huarong County. By 1949, Chinese cotton was basically replaced by German cotton.
In 1950s, improved varieties of Jijiao Dezi Cotton and Daizi No.14 and No.15 were introduced and popularized, and experiments such as drilling sowing and chemical pest control were started. Seven yield-increasing techniques summarized by Wu Daosheng, a national cotton planting model worker in Huarong County, were popularized, including selecting pure varieties, sowing early in time, strengthening plants and seedlings, applying peach fertilizer steadily, pruning in time, lightly picking top centers and controlling pests and diseases. In the late 1950s, the new farming and cotton planting technology was popularized, which changed the cotton field from single cropping to double cropping of cotton beans, cotton oil and cotton wheat, and changed the wide box into narrow box drilling and "two groups and four rows".
In the 1960s, Dongting No.1 and Daihongdai were introduced to carry out research on cultivation techniques and pest control. In 1964, the Cotton Experimental Station of the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences set up a sub-station in Qianliang Lake to carry out variety breeding, technical demonstration and pest control research, and popularize seed breeding techniques such as single plant selection, line comparison and mixed propagation. At the same time, focusing on high-yield grasping the "six-character" seedlings (early, dense, complete, neat, even and strong) and promoting the "three peaches" (peach in front, peach in front and peach in autumn), the technical reform of applying late seedling fertilizer as early as possible, applying less boll fertilizer as heavy boll fertilizer, and applying only nitrogen fertilizer as a combination of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was carried out.
In 1970s, breeding, double cropping and high yield technology and integrated pest control were mainly studied. In 1970, Gu Guangrui, Peggy Lee Kam-Man, Li Guangquan, Yang Haiquan of Qianlianghu Farm systematically bred a medium-mature cotton variety 70-12 from Daizi cotton mutant, which took the second place in the regional trial of new cotton varieties in the province, and won the third prize of scientific and technological progress of the Provincial Department of Agriculture. In 1971, Liu Chunhui, a model worker of cotton planting in Huarong County, adopted a systematic breeding method to select 108 lines of Gaoyi Mian from Daihong Daizhong. After 7 years of experiments, it was finalized into 32 lines of new varieties and won the first prize of regional scientific and technological achievements. In 1972, the regional agricultural bureau carried out intercropping farming experiments of cotton fertilizer, cotton wheat, cotton oil and cotton beans in cotton areas. In 1974, the No.4 Branch of Qianlianghu Farm established Yueyang Cotton Science Research Institute (with a set of personnel and two brands in the provincial cotton test sub-station), which was responsible for cotton research and improved variety breeding in the whole region. In 1976, the Regional Institute of Agricultural Sciences and the Institute of Cotton Science carried out a high-density chemical weeding experiment on cotton, and popularized the seedling raising and transplanting technology covered with nutrition bowl film, which achieved remarkable results in increasing production.
In the 1980s, launched introduction, promotion and breeding with the goal of high yield, high quality and low consumption. In 1979, Yang Qiugong selected two bolls from C-4769 in Junshan Farm. After indoor investigation, it was found that the cotton fiber was as long as 37 mm. After several years of breeding and reproduction, a new variety of high-quality cotton 31-234 was selected. After testing by Beijing Fiber Inspection Institute, Shanghai Textile Institute and Jiafeng Cotton Inspection Group and organization identification by the provincial seed company, it was considered that this variety was a new breakthrough in land high-quality cotton breeding, with long fiber and strong fiber. Jing ‘e No.1 was introduced in 1986, Simian No.2 was introduced in 1987, and the development and research of cotton by-products were also carried out. In 1982, the regional agricultural bureau summarized and popularized technical measures such as relaxing cotton row spacing and promoting chemical control with fertilizer to improve cotton yield and fiber quality. Popularize "shrinking and saving safety" to control cotton plant growth in vain. The following year, Qianlianghu Farm and Huarong County Cotton Seed Farm carried out plastic film mulching and one film dual-purpose cultivation experiments, which achieved good results and won the third prize of municipal scientific and technological progress. In 1984, Huarong County and Qianlianghu Farm popularized and applied the optimized cotton cultivation scheme summarized by the Provincial Economic and Trade Bureau and other units, and achieved outstanding results, yielding 70 ~ 80 kilograms of lint per mu. In 1987, Qianlianghu Farm, Peggy Lee Kam-Man, Xu Kewu, Zhou Zhihua, Liao Xueyao, Zhao Heming, etc. of the Economic Work Station of the Municipal Agriculture Bureau introduced standardized cotton cultivation techniques from the Provincial Cotton Institute, and reformed and utilized the factors that affected the high yield of cotton in the lakeside area. After several years of exploration, high-yield supporting technical achievements were obtained by combining improved varieties, good methods and good systems.By 1990, 200,000 mu of cotton fields were popularized in China, accounting for more than 65% of the total cotton fields in that year, which made the lint yield and grade of the whole city reach a new level. In the same year, Qianlianghu Farm produced 60,000 mu of cotton fields and 102 kg of lint per mu. Among them, Zheng Guoxian, the fifth branch and eighth team, has 1.33 mu of cotton field, which has been measured by more than 20 experts in the cotton industry in the province, and the yield of lint per mu is 204.1 kg, which is the highest in domestic cotton production. This achievement won the first prize of municipal scientific and technological progress. China Academy of Agricultural Sciences attached great importance to this issue, and sent personnel to conduct on-the-spot investigation and affirm it. In 1991, he won the fourth prize of scientific and technological progress of the Ministry of Agriculture and the third prize of agricultural scientific and technological progress of the province.
In the early 1990s, the CPC Yueyang Municipal Committee and Municipal Government took the development of cotton as an important measure to enrich the people and strengthen the city, and implemented the project of "one flower and three waters" (that is, developing cotton, aquatic products, waterfowl and fruits). In 1991, the Municipal Cotton Office organized Huarong and other two counties (fields) to promote comprehensive high-yield cotton cultivation techniques and achieved a comprehensive harvest. At the end of the year, he won the first prize of the Harvest Plan of the Provincial Department of Agriculture. In the same year, the cotton standardized cultivation technology popularization project jointly completed by Jingzuo Station of Municipal Agriculture Bureau, Jingzuo Station of Huarong County and Junshan Farm won the fourth prize of provincial scientific and technological achievements popularization. In 1994, the city planted 725,000 mu of cotton, of which Huarong County planted 420,000 mu of cotton and produced 37,800 tons of cotton, making it the third largest cotton-producing county in China. Sun Juliang, a cotton farmer in Xinqiang Village, Xinzhou Township, has planted more than 40 mu of cotton every year since 1988. With scientific management and rational use of fertilizers and pesticides, the lint yield per mu is more than 150 kg, which is known as the "Sanxiang Cotton King". In 1995, Simian No.2 and Xiangmian No.10, No.15 and No.14 were mainly popularized, so that the coverage rate of improved varieties in China reached over 96%. From 1993, "Xiangza Cotton" was planted on a trial basis, and by 1999, it was popularized to 500,000 mu, with a total of 1.65 million mu, with an average increase of 14.5 kilograms of lint per mu, achieving high yield and high efficiency. At the same time, the efficient interplanting techniques in cotton fields such as "cotton-red cabbage-early pepper" and "cotton-corn" will be implemented. In 1997, the municipal government issued the "Implementation Plan of High-quality Seedlings Project" and built 1100 mu of Hunan miscellaneous cotton seed production base, accounting for 45% of the total area of such seed production bases in the province.It can guarantee the seed supply of 600,000 mu planting area.
bast fibre plants Ramie was planted in China before the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In the Tang Dynasty, the processing began to take shape, and Baling Gongzhu cloth was listed as the top grade. In the second year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty (1910), Pingjiang County set up hemp weaving classes in elementary industrial schools to teach courses such as planting hemp, beating hemp and weaving hemp. At the same time, 100 mu of land was zoned in Jinwo public field for the experimental study of hemp mulberry.
In 1950s, hemp production was developed. Pingjiang, Huarong, Linxiang and Xiangyin counties are equipped with hemp specialized cadres, who are responsible for resource investigation and demonstration of improved varieties introduction. In 1952, Huarong County introduced trial planting of long-fruited jute from Guangfeng County, Jiangxi Province, and by 1955, it had spread 23,470 mu. In the same year, Miao Zian of Xiangbei Village, Nianyuxu Town, Huarong County summed up the experience of "five reforms" for high yield of jute and popularized it in China. In 1956 and 1958, Miao Zi ‘an was twice named as a national model worker for jute production.
In the late 1970s and 1980s, the propagation technology and variety improvement of ramie seeds, roots and tender shoots were mainly popularized, and the research on high yield, high efficiency and integrated pest control and the transformation of processing machines were carried out. Huarong County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhaqi Agricultural Station Zeng Qinggeng, Duan Yuhua and Li Yisheng successfully carried out the short-light seed production experiment of Kenaf Qingpi No.3 and won the second prize of regional scientific and technological achievements. Fu Xiuyu, Liu Youyou, Zhao Zhangtian, Zhou Shengbao, Li Mengtao, etc., from the regional agricultural bureaus, introduced the fine-cut ramie seed root rapid propagation technology of Professor Li Zongdao from the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, experimented and popularized it in a large area, and achieved good results of expanding seeds and high yield in that year. This achievement won the first prize of regional scientific and technological progress and the third prize of provincial agricultural department.
tea leaves Tea cultivation in China was first recorded in the Tang Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, tea cultivation techniques in Yuezhou were extended from Baling and Linxiang to Pingjiang and Xiangyin. In the 24th year of Hongwu (1391), Camellia Linxiang Longyao was listed as tribute tea. During the reign of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (1662 ~ 1722), Linxiang made old green tea, and then made blue brick tea, which was exported to Mongolia and Russia. In the forty-six years of Qianlong (1781), Junshan tea was included as a tribute. In the 25th year of Daoguang (1845), Zuo Zongtang planted 5 mu of tea in Xiangyin, and carried out new cultivation techniques. The following year, Pingjiang County recruited Cantonese to teach black tea making technology. In the thirty years of Daoguang (1850), Pingjiang black tea was exported to Nanyang. In the 19th year of the Republic of China, the province set up a tea testing ground in Junshan. Yueyang Beigang Tea Experiment Site was established in 20 years, engaged in cultivation and production technology research, but was interrupted by the war.
After the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the county set up tea rehabilitation committees, and tea scientific research was gradually carried out. In 1952, the refined processing of Pingjiang Tea Factory was semi-mechanized. In the same year, a tea delegation from the Ministry of Agriculture (including 3 Soviet experts) came to Pingjiang to inspect tea production and local varieties. In 1953, Yue
Yangxian county
Tall.
In 1960s, the focus of tea scientific research was resource survey, improved seed breeding and mechanical tea making. In 1962, Yang Laijian and Gao Yangwen of Junshan Tea Farm selected four strains of Yinzhen No.1, No.2, No.6 and Green Tea No.22, which were well received by experts in the province. In 1963, Pingjiang Tea Factory developed red broken tea. In 1964, the Ministry of Agriculture, Foreign Trade, Agricultural Machinery and Public Security decided that Pingjiang Wengjiang Primary Tea Factory was one of the trial-production units of black broken tea, and carried out the equipment matching, quality standards and technology sub-tests, and promoted the results in the national black tea area. In 1965, the silver needle cutting in Junshan Tea Farm achieved good results, doubled the output and won the regional science conference award.
In 1970s, breeding and propagation of improved varieties were mainly carried out. In 1973, the tea science experimental station was established in the region. In 1981, this station successfully tried cutting tea with short spikes in Liu Xiuhua, which was the first in China and won the first prize of regional scientific and technological achievements. In 1985, under the guidance of Liu Xianhe and Xiao Ling, senior agronomists of the Economic Bureau of the Provincial Department of Agriculture, the tea demonstration farm in Huangsha Street, Yueyang County developed Dongting Spring Tea, Dongting Spring Jasmine Tea and Dongting Spring Bud. Among them, Dongting Spring Tea won the "Golden Cup Award", a high-quality product of the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries, and was rated as one of the 11 famous teas in China. The project won the silver medal of the first China Food Expo and the second prize of the municipal scientific and technological progress; Dongting Spring Bud was rated as a provincial-level high-quality tea and won the first-class scientific and technological progress in the city. In 1987, the Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the tea factory of Xiangyin County Tea Native Products Company took the lead in successfully developing tea bags in the province with Gynostemma pentaphyllum and tea as raw materials, and won the fourth prize of municipal scientific and technological progress. From 1991 to 1993, the comprehensive development project of high-quality tea and famous tea, which was initiated and implemented by the Municipal Economic and Trade Department, won the first prize of the Municipal Science and Technology Progress Award in 1994. In the same period, the city’s county (city) and township secondary backbone professional tea farms actively carried out the research and development of medium and high-grade brand tea products, and created 10 brand-name teas that passed the examination and approval at or above the provincial level, ranking first among the tea-producing cities in the province. In 1991, Lianyun Mountain Tea Farm in Pingjiang County won the National Famous Tea Award from the Ministry of Commerce. Miluo Dragon Boat at Fanjiayuan Tea Farm in Miluo City, Thousand Needles Asparagus at Qianzhenping Tea Farm in Linxiang City and Baishi Maojian at Baishiyuan Tea Farm all won provincial famous tea prizes. In 1992, Pingjiang County"Time is abundant and silver is fine" and "Hongshandong Maojian" in Yueyang County won provincial famous teas. Later, Fushou Maojian Tea in Pingjiang County, Zhongnan Maojian Tea in Huarong County, Fenghuang Maojian Tea in Quyuan Farm and Shengfeng Green Tea in Huarong County won the title of provincial high-quality tea. Dongtingchun Tea Factory, which won the National Silver Award during the Seventh Five-Year Plan period, has developed rapidly in the output and sales of Maojian and Yinzhen in 1992, and the scientific research of tea has also been sublimated simultaneously.
In 1991, Yueyang county government awarded a prize-Volga car to Liu Xianhe, a senior agronomist who made outstanding contributions to the development of Dongting Spring series tea.
silkworm breeding and mulberry growing At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, mulberry planting and sericulture began in China. In the Tang Dynasty, silk was presented every year. During the reign of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty, Fang Dabu, a native of Zhifu and Baling County in Hanyang, Hubei Province, wrote a book "Silkworm Breeding Summary", which systematically summarized the domestic sericulture cultivation techniques. In the second year of Xuantong in Qing Dynasty (1910), Zhou’s elementary industrial school in Pingjiang County set up sericulture classes to expand sericulture by combining teaching, scientific research and production. In the first year of the Republic of China, there were sericulture societies and sericulture research institutes in Xiangyin and Pingjiang counties. In 3 years, black, yellow, hemp and white silkworms were cultivated for use in various places.
In 1950s, sericulture production was rapidly restored and developed. In 1953, Huarong, Pingjiang and other counties introduced improved silkworm eggs, the cocoon yield per sheet was twice as high as that of local species, and the growth period was shortened by 10 days. In the 1960s, Pingjiang, Huarong, Xiangyin and other counties popularized improved varieties for both spring and autumn. At the same time, we will promote dense planting mulberry fields with medium stems and transform low-yield mulberry fields. In the mid-1970s, the Provincial Silkworm Experiment Station established the largest silkworm egg farm and cold storage in Quyuan Farm, which can store 2 million boxes of silkworm eggs at a time, and the domestic silkworm eggs are more than self-sufficient. In 1980s, Huarong, Yueyang and Xiangyin counties popularized the experience of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, and established a number of mulberry fish ponds and mulberry gardens with high yield and high efficiency. At the end of 1980s, on the basis of a comprehensive investigation of mulberry dwarf disease, the Municipal Agriculture Bureau promptly dug out diseased plants and prevented the spread of the virus vector Rhopalosiphum spinulosum. At the same time, Husang No.7 maternal garden was established in Huarong County, which effectively controlled the spread of dwarf disease.
sugarcane Before the establishment of People’s Republic of China (PRC), farmers had the habit of planting on the edge of dry soil and vegetable fields. In 1958, sugarcane was planted in pieces in China, mainly for introduction and trial planting and exploration of large-scale cultivation techniques. After Qianlianghu Farm was built, people were sent to introduce Taiwan Sugar 134 from other places to replace local inferior species. In 1970, he sent staff to study in Guangdong, Sichuan, Jiangxi and other provinces, and hired 16 sugarcane technicians from Guangdong Province to teach the technology and solve the problem of sugarcane overwintering. Later, improved varieties of Sichuan sugarcane No.6, 66/229, Nayin 310, Jiangxi sugarcane No.1 and No.8 were introduced one after another, covering an area of 10,000 mu, and the yield per mu increased to 26 tons. By then, the farm will be built into a sugar factory, which will carry out scientific research, production, processing and sales through one train. In 1978, Quyuan Farm established the Sugar Institute, specializing in sugarcane research. In 1982, the institute popularized the plastic film mulching technology to promote the early emergence and tillering of sugarcane. In 1984, Junshan and Qianlianghu farms applied rare earth to sugarcane production, and achieved remarkable results in increasing production and sugar. In 1985, Quyuan Farm cooperated with the Provincial Institute of Computing Technology to optimize the standardized cultivation techniques of sugarcane in Dongting Lake area, implement and popularize them, and won the second prize of municipal scientific and technological progress. In 1987, the Municipal Science and Technology Commission organized Qianlianghu, Junshan, Quyuan Farm and Provincial Institute of Parasitic Diseases to go to Guangxi to learn the technology of sugarcane seedling propagation by cell engineering. In the same year, seedling transplanting in Qianlianghu Farm, no-tillage method of sugarcane in Quyuan Farm, winter planting and spring planting of shoot tip seedlings with 7-8 leaves on the upper part of stem were all successful. In 1988, the sugarcane bud cells used in the sugar department of Quyuan Farm were successfully propagated.
reed Dike and reed are special products of Huzhou in China. Transplanting began in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. In 1958, it was used to make paper, and reed research rose accordingly. In 1964, Huzhou Administration of Yueyang County established the Reed Experimental Station, which was later suspended due to the "Cultural Revolution". In 1973, the reed research group was established in Dawan Reed Farm, Yueyang County. The following year, Yueyang Reed Research Institute was established to carry out experiments and research on seedling transplanting, pest control, ploughing and rejuvenation, and improvement of low-yield fields. According to the physiological structure characteristics of reed seeds, the institute successfully completed the research on seedling cultivation of reed flowers instead of natural stem transplanting by sowing with shaking panicles and watering with sprayers. Three acres were planted in that year, and the survival rate was 90%. This research is the first in China. In September of the same year, he made a special introduction at the national reed base symposium, and then promoted it throughout the country.
In 1980s, reed research institutes were established in Xiangyin and Huarong counties. The comprehensive technology of high-yield of Ophiopogon japonicus and Phragmites australis is the research theme. The yield of 1.92 mu experimental plot in Yueyang County is 2.36 tons, and the yield of 1,000 mu experimental plot is 2.2 tons, which is the highest yield in China at that time. At the same time, the main pests of reed and the vegetation and wild economic plant resources in Dongting Lake were investigated, which provided scientific basis for high yield of reed.
Third, fruit and vegetable gardening
vegetables After the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), with the increase of urban population, the production base of commodity vegetables has been expanding. In the second half of 1958, Dongjingling, a suburb, set up a demonstration test site for improved varieties of vegetables in Wuli Commune. From September 1960 to April 1961, Yujiafan, a suburb of Yueyang County, built four Beijing-style greenhouses with an area of 1,200 square meters, and only then did vegetables grow seedlings in China. In 1973, a vegetable seed farm was established in Nanjin Village, Wuli Township. In 1976, the agricultural station of suburban commune was established. In the same year, Yueyang Agricultural Institute was established, with 6 vegetable professionals and technicians, and introduced pepper, tomato, eggplant, beans, cabbage and other varieties for experiment, demonstration and popularization. In April 1980, the Municipal Institute of Agricultural Sciences and the agricultural machinery stations of various communes were abolished, and Yueyang Agricultural Technology Center Station was established. In 1982, it was renamed the Municipal Institute of Vegetable Science (hereinafter referred to as the Institute of Vegetable Science).
In 1990s, in order to enrich the "food basket" of urban residents, all counties (cities) and districts built stable second-line "crossing the river" bases. A number of commercial vegetable bases in agricultural areas with three crops, cotton and vegetable intercropping and fruit and vegetable room as cultivation models have been expanded one after another. More than 200 foreign fine varieties have been introduced and popularized and more than 95% of local traditional fine varieties have been purified and rejuvenated. In view of the "three stresses" in vegetable production (spring stress, autumn stress and winter stress), protected cultivation and anti-season cultivation were adopted. Make use of modern scientific and technological achievements to promote the application of agricultural film, plastic film, sunshade net and plastic greenhouse in vegetable cultivation. Agricultural and plastic film coverage has been popularized, with sunshade nets covering nearly 1 million square meters, plastic greenhouses growing to more than 16,000, and shed planting area of 20,000 mu. By the end of 1999, urban people owned 0.5 kg of vegetables on weekdays.
melons and fruit Fruit tree cultivation in China has a long history. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were more than 30 varieties of fruit trees. Japanese pears were introduced in 20-22 years of the Republic of China, and in 29 years, Wang Yushan and Luo Guren introduced mandarin oranges, pears and peaches for planting and experimented with grafting techniques. In the late Republic of China, Li Fengsun, a famous agronomist, bought dozens of acres of land in his hometown (now Lijia Formation, Shuijing Village, Baiyun Town, Linxiang City) to start a ploughing farm, introducing and breeding improved fruit varieties.
In the mid-1950s, fruit trees began to be developed in an organized way. From 1956 to 1959, through the general survey of fruit tree resources of the Economic and Trade Bureau of the Provincial Department of Agriculture, it was found that there were 81 species of fruit trees in 23 families, 28 genera.
Since 1970s, fruit tree research has focused on variety introduction, breeding and citrus cultivation. The research on cold-resistant cultivation of satsuma mandarin by the Municipal Institute of Agricultural Sciences provides experience for citrus production in the cold wave zone on the northern edge. Wu Tongcheng, Xie Ronghan and Luo Shaoyi of Pingjiang County Agricultural Bureau carried out the transformation of small and old citrus trees with low yield, applied winter fertilizer again, prevented mites, leaf miner and anthracnose, and took good measures to prevent cold and freeze. The citrus output in the county rose to three times before the transformation. This achievement won the second prize of bumper harvest of the Ministry of Agriculture and the third prize of regional scientific and technological progress.
In the 1980s, governments at all levels paid great attention to the research and popularization of watermelon and deciduous fruit cultivation techniques while doing a good job in citrus scientific research. In 1985, Xu Huaxuan, Zhao Zhangtian, Lu Guangze of the Regional Agricultural Bureau and the Agricultural Research Institute developed a good cultivation technique for improved varieties of watermelon, and extended it to field production. The average yield per mu increased by more than 40%, and the yield per mu of improved varieties reached 2000-2500 kg, which won the first prize of regional scientific and technological progress. The following year, the Municipal Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xu Huaxuan, Yong Yang and Huang Fuding of Dajing Township, Miluo County conducted a series of research on seedless watermelon seedling raising and cultivation. After popularization, the value-added rate reached 30-48% and won the third prize of the Municipal Science and Technology Progress Award. From 1986 to 1989, Xu Huaxuan and Zhao Zhangtian organized the popularization of watermelon plastic film mulching cultivation techniques in the whole city, and achieved good results. The project won the third prize of scientific and technological progress of the Provincial Department of Agriculture. In 1987, the Achievement Section of the Municipal Science and Technology Commission cooperated with Xiangyin, Miluo and Huarong counties, and under the guidance of the Provincial Horticultural Institute, promoted the high-yield cultivation techniques of small fruits in northern Hunan. By 1988, 2,100 mu of Jinshui pear base, 5,000 mu of Baili base, 18,000 mu of peach trees and 5,000 mu of grapes had been built.
In 1990s, with the adjustment of agricultural structure, especially after the implementation of the "one flower and three waters" project, local small fruit production developed rapidly. In 1992, the control of pear leaf rust mite was studied in lakeside garden; The research on the dead branch disease of Naili completed by Xiangyin County Science and Technology Commission and Provincial Horticultural Research Institute; Yueyang Fruit Office, Pingjiang County, Huarong County Fruit Office, and Jianxin Farm Greening Office jointly carried out the research on the application of hormones and nutrients in citrus flower and fruit protection and yield increase technology, which provided scientific basis for high and stable yield of local small fruits, provided operational technology for improving quality and pest control, and won the fourth prize of provincial scientific and technological progress.
Four, soil fertilizer
soil In the 1950s, a mass campaign to transform low-yield fields was launched, with deep ploughing and soil improvement, green manure development, water conservancy construction, winter soaking and cold soaking fields as the main contents. In 1960, the soil survey was carried out for the first time, and the soil types, properties, transformation and utilization were preliminarily found out. In 1970s, the research on soil conditions of high and stable yield paddy fields was mainly carried out. From 1974 to 1976, Zhou Shouqiu, a graduate intern from a regional agricultural institute, conducted a fixed observation on the distribution, annual variation and influencing factors of farmland groundwater in China, which provided a scientific basis for the transformation of potential paddy fields. At the same time, it was first concluded in the province that the main reason of early rice seedling stagnation was the lack of available phosphorus in the soil, and low temperature chilling injury and extensive farming were the induced environmental conditions. After that, it was put forward that "increasing phosphorus to promote early development" was the key measure for high yield of early rice, and the effect of increasing yield was remarkable after popularization. From 1976 to 1979, Zhou Shou, a regional agricultural institute, asked Zheng Weibing and others to select more than 50 hilly high-yield fields for soil analysis, which provided a scientific basis for high and stable yield and won the third prize of regional scientific and technological achievements. In 1980, Zhou Shouqiu, Yang Chuxiang, Lin Ruiwen, Zeng Gaoliang, Li Zusheng, etc., adopted the method of combining field investigation and positioning observation to carry out multi-disciplinary experimental research on rice field genetic simulation, improvement of potential rice field and groundwater change law under different tillage systems, and improvement of purple tidal mud. After four years of exploration, the preconditions and environmental factors for the formation of potential fertile rice fields were found out. After this achievement was used to improve rice fields in a large area, the social and economic benefits were remarkable, and it won the second prize of scientific and technological progress in the city. The second soil survey conducted at the same time,It provided a basis for rational use of land, soil improvement and scientific farming, and won the third prize of outstanding achievements in soil survey of the Ministry of Agriculture; The first prize of provincial agricultural division and soil survey results and the first prize of regional scientific and technological progress.
fertilizer In the early days of the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the traditional experience of farmers in planting vetch fertilizer fields and accumulating soil miscellaneous fertilizers and farmyard manure was mainly summarized and popularized. In the 1960s and 1970s, in the high-yield cultivation of green manure, techniques such as ditching and drainage, inoculation of rhizobia, early application of phosphate fertilizer, increasing nitrogen with phosphorus and topdressing nitrogen in spring were adopted. Through the demonstration of high yield of green manure, the area of green manure increased from 494,000 mu in 1949 to 2.947 million mu in 1973. The yield of fresh grass per mu increased from 500 kg to 2,500 kg, with a maximum yield of 5,000 kg per mu. In the 1980s, fertilizer research developed from simple rice fertilization to fertilization of various crops. From emphasizing the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer to paying attention to rational application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and optimizing formula fertilization by soil testing; From the application of ordinary chemical fertilizer to the application of trace element fertilizers such as rare earth and boron. From 1980 to 1982, the regional soil and fertilizer stations Guan Guangfu, Liu Jianhua, He Hansheng and Mao Yuping put forward the idea of spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate on rice, which was popularized in 1.2 million mu of paddy fields in China, generally increasing the yield by 4.1% and won the third prize of regional scientific and technological achievements. In 1983, Zhou Shouqiu and Guan Guangfu absorbed the domestic advanced experience of formula fertilization, and combined with local conditions, put forward the soil testing formula fertilization technology of "macro-zoning control, determining fertility parameters, evaluating fertility grade, determining target yield by soil, determining nitrogen by yield, determining phosphorus and potassium by missing indicators, and increasing application of organic fertilizer". After popularization, the effect of increasing production is remarkable, and it won the third prize of scientific and technological progress of the municipal and provincial agricultural departments respectively. Later, the station cooperated with the Institute of Intelligence of Chinese Academy of Sciences, taking agricultural expert system as the carrier and computer as the medium.The optimized Expert System of Optimized Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization for Rice in Dongting Lake Area found a new way to guide farmers to scientifically fertilize.
In the 1990s, fertilizer science and technology developed rapidly. Seventy-two soil monitoring sites have been built in the city, and special fertilizers have been prepared according to local conditions based on their soil test data, with a general yield increase of more than 10%. While basically popularizing soil testing and formula fertilization, various special fertilizers, magnetic fertilizers and rare-earth compound fertilizers have been developed and mass-produced, and applied and popularized. In 1992, several retired workers in Yueyanglou District purchased rare earth catalytic urea produced by patented technology organization, which had a miraculous effect on rice lodging resistance. In 1994, Dongnitrogen cooperated with the provincial seed company to develop "Dongke No.1" high-yield element. After field test, the effect of increasing production was remarkable, and the project won the third prize of provincial scientific and technological progress.
V. Crop Protection
Pest forecast The earliest record of rice damaged by insect pests in China began in 1197, the third year of Ningzong Qingyuan in the Southern Song Dynasty. In the 15th year of Daoguang reign (1835), migratory locusts were everywhere in Baling County, and farmers used artificial capture and open fire to destroy them. In 29 years of the Republic of China, Li Fengsun, a famous entomologist, lost his job and published Economic Entomology of China in his hometown of Linxiang, which attracted the attention and attention of academic circles at home and abroad. In the past 32 years, agricultural extension institutes around the country have successively carried out investigation and control research on simple pests and diseases.
After the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the people’s government attached great importance to pest control and disease elimination, and established plant protection, plant quarantine and pest forecasting institutions, and plant protection technology was developed and popularized.
During the 1950s and 1960s, pest forecasting stations were set up in counties and farms to regularly forecast rice and cotton pests (mainly short-term and medium-term forecasting). In 1966, the regional agricultural bureau set up a forecasting station for the center of crop diseases and insect pests in Yueyang County in Daliu No.4 Team, Tongkou Commune, Yueyang County, to regularly forecast borers, leaf roller, rice blast, bacterial blight, cotton bollworm, aphid and cutworm, and guide the domestic plant protection and forecasting work.
In 1970s, long-term forecasting was started, and the occurrence regularity and control methods of diseases and insect pests were studied. In 1974, Yang Kaiyan of Jinggang Agricultural Station in Huarong County made a systematic study on rice leaf roller by combining indoor caging and field observation, and summarized a set of effective control methods, which won the prize of regional science conference. In 1975, Yang Zhengting of Quyuan Farm participated in the national sugarcane scientific research cooperation project hosted by Ganke Institute of the Ministry of Light Industry, and used the live female Chilo suppressalis as the lure material to conduct the lure experiment. Later, in cooperation with Wu Deming, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, a series of trapping experiments with different proportions, doses, carriers and forms of sex pheromone isomers were carried out in this farm. After identification, it is the first time in China to use sex pheromone to forecast Chilo suppressalis. This achievement has won the second prize of regional scientific and technological achievements, the fourth prize of provincial scientific and technological progress and the third prize of national scientific and technological progress. In 1979, Li Fuchun, a regional agricultural school, investigated the morphology, habits, environmental factors, control efficiency, protection and utilization of Polynematodes, wrote a paper, which was adopted by international rice, and published a monograph on entomology. This achievement won the fourth prize of provincial scientific and technological progress and the second prize of municipal scientific and technological progress.
In the 1980s, the methods and means of forecasting pests and diseases were greatly improved, and the coverage of forecasting was gradually broadened. In 1980, the pest monitoring and forecasting stations in Pingjiang and Xiangyin counties were designated as national key monitoring and forecasting stations, and participated in the collaborative research of national and provincial monitoring and forecasting. Pingjiang County Agricultural Bureau cooperated with Xinrong and Li Fuchun, the agricultural school of the city, to study the characteristics, habits, hazards and prevention methods of rice butterfly, put forward practical prevention measures, and won the third prize of the city’s scientific and technological progress. In 1982, Li Ruilan, Liu Zhiqiu, Gao Dengke of Xiangyin County Plant Protection Station established a rice disease and insect pest forecasting model with computer to replace the traditional forecasting methods. This achievement has reached the advanced level in the province and won the third prize of municipal scientific and technological progress. In the same year, the regional pest monitoring station and the provincial pest monitoring station were networked, and Pingjiang County began to monitor the pests and diseases of citrus and tea. In 1987, Huarong County began to investigate and forecast hemp and Yueyang County reed diseases and insect pests. By 1990, the accuracy of pest forecasting reached 74%, and in the mid-1990 s, the whole province and the whole country were networked to forecast.
Pest control Before 1949, the prevention and control of agricultural pests and diseases mainly depended on salvaging wave slag, killing pupae in deep water, manually pulling and cutting stubble, catching and burning borers.
In the 1950s, chemical control began. The Agricultural Research Institute of Xiangyin County Agriculture and Water Bureau tried to control cotton aphids with stinky pepper, and the effect was remarkable, and it was popularized in China. In the 1960 s, chemical pesticides were widely used and spraying was carried out to control insects. Yueyang, Huarong, Junshan, Qianlianghu and other counties and farms began to try out biological control, using wasps to control red bollworm.
In 1970s, the scientific research on pest control turned to the track of prevention first and comprehensive control. In 1974, Chen Bogang, a teacher from No.1 Middle School in Xiangyin County, used spiders to control rice planthoppers for the first time in rice fields, and achieved remarkable results. He won the first prize of regional scientific and technological achievements, the second prize of provincial scientific and technological achievements and the third prize of national scientific and technological progress. In 1975, under the guidance of the Biology Department of Hunan Normal University, the Agricultural Science Station of Lantian Commune in Yueyang County isolated Beauveria bassiana 75-1 and 76-2 from the dead cicadas caused by natural parasites, and sprayed them with bacterial liquid or bacterial powder mixed with plant ash, and the cicada killing rate reached 83%. In 1978, the municipal plant protection station conducted a follow-up investigation on the overwintering sites of rice leaf roller. Yu Changbin of Yueyang County conducted a follow-up investigation on insects in Erhua, Yan Ruilin and Hu Xiaoping of Huarong County. In the same year, the regional science and technology office held a plant protection training class to train more than 400 biological control plant protection workers.
In 1980s, pest control became standardized. Monitoring and screening resistant varieties, promoting fitness cultivation techniques, improving chemical weeding techniques, popularizing high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides, using spiders to control pests and cooperating with agricultural control have achieved remarkable results in protecting the ecological environment, improving the quality of agricultural products and reducing agricultural costs. In particular, the comprehensive control technology based on biological control has great influence in the whole country and even in the world. In September, 1989, the representative of the International Conference on Integrated Prevention and Control of Rice Diseases and Pests convened by FAO made a special trip to Xiangyin County to inspect the biological control situation and praised Xiangyin County as "the hometown of spiders".
In the 1990s, comprehensive prevention and control techniques were strengthened, seed quarantine was carried out, pest-resistant varieties were selected, accurate prediction was made, and specific pesticides with low toxicity, high efficiency and low residue were selected, so that environmental protection and increasing production and income were placed in the same position, and good ecological and economic benefits were achieved.
Source: Guotai Junan Securities Research
Image source: Pharmaceutical Online
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