标签归档 南京新茶外卖论坛

　　Recently, people from all walks of life in Japan have continued to hold rallies in Tokyo and other places, resolutely opposing the plan of the Japanese government and Tokyo Electric Power Company (hereinafter referred to as "TEPCO") to discharge Fukushima nuclear polluted water into the sea during the spring and summer of this year. International public opinion has also urged the Japanese government to face up to the legitimate concerns of all parties, earnestly fulfill its international obligations and accept strict international supervision. Before full consultation and agreement are reached with stakeholders such as neighboring countries and relevant international institutions, Japan shall not start the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea without authorization.

　　"The plan to expel the sea has caused concern from all parties at home and abroad in Japan and should be handled with caution."

　　On March 21st, nearly 5,000 people from all over Japan held a rally in Tokyo to protest against the plan of TEPCO’s Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea and oppose the Japanese government’s nuclear energy policy. Kazuhiro Sato from Fukushima Prefecture is "Don’t pollute the ocean again! One of the representatives of the citizens’ meeting. He said that the public opinion survey in Fukushima Prefecture showed that about 70% of the respondents opposed the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea. The nuclear polluted water in the storage tank contains a variety of radioactive substances, and once it starts to be discharged, it will continue to be discharged for at least 30 years.

　　March 11th is the 12th anniversary of the accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant. Many Japanese people held a protest rally in front of the headquarters of TEPCO and the official residence of the Japanese Prime Minister. Slogans such as "Don’t let nuclear pollution pollute the sea", "The sea is not a trash can" and "Protect the sea, protect children and protect the future" express people’s strong demands against nuclear pollution water discharging into the sea.

　　Members of the Activity Committee of the Workers’ Welfare Club in Japan Valley said that radioactive elements in nuclear polluted water will return to human body through food chains such as seaweed and fish, which will harm people’s health again. It is unconvincing, hypocritical and irresponsible for TEPCO to discharge nuclear polluted water on the grounds that it has no storage place, which violates the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Substances.

　　Liu Tianzhen, the head of the Japanese citizen group Dandelion House, said that it is a safe and feasible scheme to use more than 10 large-scale water storage tanks with a capacity of 100,000 tons to preserve nuclear polluted water on land for a long time, but the government and TEPCO ignored it, which is regrettable. Keiko Muse, who made a special trip from Kawasaki City to Tokyo to attend the rally, told this reporter: "Without the consent of other Asian neighbors, the Japanese side will discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea without authorization, which is absolutely not allowed."

　　On March 10th, Japanese people held a rally in front of the gate of the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry to protest against the plan to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea. Former Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan and the leader of the Social Democratic Party, Mizuho Fukushima, attended the speech. Mizuho Fukushima said that today, 12 years later, the impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident is still continuing, and the relevant emergency declaration has not been lifted. Therefore, nuclear polluted water must never be discharged into the sea, and radioactive materials must be preserved in a centralized manner. Naoto Kan participated in the handling of the Fukushima nuclear accident as the Japanese Prime Minister 12 years ago. After his speech, he told reporters: "The plan to expel the sea has caused concern among all parties at home and abroad in Japan and should be handled with caution."

　　Japanese domestic media commented that the Japanese government chose a "shortcut" with the supremacy of economic interests in the case of imperfect scientific professional discussion and insufficient communication with the public. Non-governmental organizations such as the National Federation of Fishery Associations of Japan strongly criticized the Japanese government for breaking its promises and ignoring the interests of fishermen’s groups. Instead of actively seeking people’s understanding, it hastily restarted nuclear power and accelerated the construction of sea discharge. Simple and rude practices further aggravated people’s fears and panic.

　　"This is a complete deception, and this practice of fooling the people continues."

　　According to domestic polls in Japan, 43% of the people oppose the discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea, and more than 90% believe that discharging water into the sea will have a negative impact.

　　At the international seminar held by the environmental protection organization "Friends of the Earth in Japan" a few days ago, Wu Teng Leizi, a resident of Fukushima Prefecture and the head of the liaison meeting of Fukushima nuclear accident victims, said in his speech that the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and TEPCO have been organizing people to visit the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant and sending people to various schools to hold lectures in order to publicize the safety of the so-called nuclear polluted water. TEPCO even took an instrument that can only measure gamma rays to measure the nuclear polluted water that only emits beta rays after treatment, so that people could see that the pointer was motionless and cheat visitors of their trust in the safety of nuclear polluted water. "This is a complete deception, and this practice of fooling the people continues."

　　Wu Teng said that once it started to discharge into the ocean, it would continue to do so for decades to come. Where the nuclear pollution water flows, there are people who live on the sea and creatures who make the sea their home. The discharge of nuclear polluted water into the sea is an infringement on life.

　　Kenichi Oshima, a professor at the Department of Policy at Ryoku University in Japan, believes that the Japanese government only announces the progress made in the aftermath of nuclear power plants, but rarely mentions various problems and difficulties. In fact, radioactive substances are different from ordinary dangerous chemicals, and it is difficult to remove them by chemical treatment. At the same time, little is known about the long-term effects of radioactive substances on marine ecosystems. Therefore, it is most important that radioactive substances should be treated in a controlled state and should not be released into the environment.

　　The opacity of information has also caused concern among Japanese fishery groups. Representatives of Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Life Cooperative Association and Miyagi Fishery Association submitted a joint signature of about 42,000 people to TEPCO and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, opposing the nuclear pollution water discharge scheme. Imano Zhiguang, president of the Xiangma Shuangye Fishery Association, which belongs to fishermen in Songchuanpu Fishing Port, expressed firm opposition to the practice of discharging nuclear polluted water into the sea. He said: "The most important agreement between the government and TEPCO is not to discharge or dispose of nuclear polluted water before we understand it. So far, a lot of information has been concealed by TEPCO. "

　　"The Pacific Ocean is related to the livelihood of many people, and the ecological environment is very important to many countries."

　　There are more than 1.3 million tons of nuclear polluted water to be discharged from Fukushima, containing more than 60 kinds of radionuclides. Once it is discharged into the ocean, it will spread to the global waters in the next few decades, which will have an incalculable impact on the global marine environment and human health.

　　Japan’s plan to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea has aroused widespread concern and opposition from neighboring countries and stakeholders. At the informal meeting of special leaders of the Pacific Island Forum held recently, the issue of Japan’s nuclear polluted water discharging into the sea became a key topic. Leaders reiterated that Japan should guide the political decision of discharging nuclear polluted water into the sea in a scientific way. Japan’s plan to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea is not a simple domestic matter, but will affect important world events including the South Pacific island countries. In view of the unsatisfactory independence and verifiability of data provided by relevant parties in Japan, the Pacific Island Forum has repeatedly called on Japan to postpone the plan of discharging nuclear polluted water into the sea.

　　Fiji’s Acting Prime Minister Kamikaga said recently that Fiji was on high alert because of the plan to discharge nuclear polluted water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan. Kamikaga said: "The Pacific Ocean is related to the livelihood of many people, and the ecological environment is very important to many countries. If you pass through ‘ Multi-nuclide removal equipment ’ The treated nuclear polluted water is so safe, why doesn’t Japan reuse it or use it in its own manufacturing and agriculture? "

　　Carly Birch, a sociologist at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, believes that it is the basic right of people in the Pacific region to enjoy a clean, healthy and sustainable development environment. The Japanese government’s plan to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea is a direct disregard for the sovereignty and self-determination of Pacific countries.

　　South Korean citizens’ groups recently held large-scale gatherings in Seoul, Busan and other places, expressing strong opposition to Japan’s nuclear pollution water discharge plan. Xu Junlie, honorary professor of the Department of Nuclear Engineering at Seoul National University, believes that the Japanese government must disclose the radioactive detection data of all nuclides. Xu Junlie said: "The Pacific Ocean is the common property of the whole world. Japan ignores the better plan and insists on discharging nuclear polluted water into the sea, which is tantamount to a terrorist attack on the ocean, and the Pacific Ocean will no longer be peaceful. If nuclear polluted water flows into the Pacific Ocean, various radioactive substances will cause a fatal blow to the marine ecosystem. "

　　Robert Richmond, a professor at the Varro Marine Laboratory at the University of Hawaii in the United States, said: "Our task is to protect the ocean and people who depend on it. It is a bad idea to discharge nuclear polluted water into the sea. Japan should consider other options."

　　(Tokyo, Seoul, Washington, March 23rd)

　　【 honk 】

　　In 2021, it is the 20th anniversary of the "9.11" incident that shocked the world, and it is also the 20th anniversary of the Afghan war launched by the United States. As the longest war in American history, it made the United States pay a heavy material price and casualties, and finally forced the United States to start withdrawing troops from Afghanistan. On April 14, 2021, the Biden administration of the United States announced that it would withdraw all US troops stationed in Afghanistan by September 11. However, 20 years later, what has this war left for Afghanistan?

　　Turbulent, divided and impoverished Afghanistan

　　After the "9.11" incident, the United States quickly launched the war in Afghanistan, overthrew the Taliban regime and drove away Al Qaeda. In the following 20 years, the United States continued the war on terrorism in Afghanistan, promoted post-war reconstruction and carried out so-called democratic transformation. As a result, Afghanistan has established a so-called Western-style democratic republic, achieved low-speed economic growth, and established a national security force.

　　However, 20 years later, Afghanistan is still a conflict and turbulent country. A strategic goal of the United States in launching the war in Afghanistan is to make Afghanistan no longer a breeding ground for terrorism, but this goal has not been achieved. Because although the Taliban has been overthrown as a regime, it has been reorganized since 2003. So far, it has developed into an anti-American and anti-government political and military organization with more than 80,000 members. In addition to the Taliban, various extremist organizations such as Al Qaeda and the Khorasan branch of the Islamic State are also very active in Afghanistan. According to the annual Global global peace index released in June 2019, Afghanistan has replaced Syria as the most insecure country in the world. In the past 20 years, the conflict has brought a serious humanitarian disaster to Afghanistan. As of 2019, more than 40,000 civilians have died in Afghanistan, more than 60,000 people have been injured, and about 11 million people have become refugees.

　　Afghanistan remains a de facto divided country. The United States and the Afghan government it supports cannot effectively govern the whole country, and mainly control the central and western regions and the northern regions, as well as large and medium-sized cities and transportation trunk lines throughout the country. The Afghan government is also inseparable from the military protection of the United States and its western allies. In addition, it also faces difficulties such as low governance efficiency and rampant corruption. On the other hand, the Taliban has controlled many areas such as southeastern and southern Afghanistan, and implemented effective management in a solid jurisdiction. For example, the implementation of Islamic law, providing protection to local people and helping to resolve civil or commercial disputes, actually forms a political separation trend with the Afghan government.

　　Afghanistan is also one of the least developed countries in the world. The industrial and agricultural foundation is weak, food is not self-sufficient, the economy is heavily dependent on foreign aid, finance is not self-reliant, and people’s lives are hard. 2019— In fiscal year 2020, Afghanistan’s GDP was about 18.89 billion US dollars, and its per capita GDP was only 586.6 US dollars. Although Afghanistan’s fiscal revenue has increased year by year, it has been unable to make ends meet for many years, and 60% of its budget comes from international aid. The unemployment rate has been rising for many years, reaching 40% in 2019. Some laborers can only earn about $60 a month, making it difficult to support their families.

　　American factors that can not be ignored

　　The war on terrorism and the failure of reconstruction in Afghanistan are the result of various factors. However, as a promoter and leader, the American factor cannot be ignored. The reason is:

　　First, after the end of the Cold War, the United States became the only superpower in the world, and hegemonism and militarism expanded, which led to the "anti-terrorism" front being stretched too long. The war in Afghanistan is the first war fought by the United States since the 21st century. In just over two months, it overthrew the Taliban regime and drove away Al Qaeda. In 2003, the aspiring United States launched the second war, the Iraq war, which quickly overthrew Saddam Hussein’s regime and then began the so-called democratic transformation in Iraq. If the United States attacked Afghanistan, it won the sympathy of the international community, but its attack on Iraq was completely unilateral and did not get the authorization of the United Nations. At the same time, the United States carried out the "anti-terrorism" war and the so-called democratic transformation in two countries, which led to the long front and the shift of strategic center, greatly underestimating the determination and strength of the Taliban to make a comeback. It was after the Iraq war in 2003 that the Taliban began to recruit and organize a large number of new forces and rebuild their intelligence and action networks, thus achieving strategic reorganization.

　　Second, in the past 20 years, American troops stationed in Afghanistan have frequently killed and killed innocent civilians, ignored local religious and cultural customs, and the incidents of humiliating corpses and abusing prisoners have been constantly exposed, which has aroused the anti-American sentiment of the Afghan people and prompted more people to join the anti-American anti-government team. For example, from January to April 2012, incidents in which American soldiers insulted the bodies of anti-American militants in Afghanistan were exposed one after another. In February, soldiers stationed in the US military base in Afghanistan burned a large number of religious books including the Koran. In March, an American soldier shot and killed 16 innocent Afghan civilians. This series of incidents has triggered large-scale anti-American protests in Afghanistan and neighboring countries, and the Taliban also took the opportunity to strengthen retaliatory attacks on US troops stationed in Afghanistan. Over the past 20 years, the American media have repeatedly disclosed various incidents of prisoner abuse by the US military and intelligence departments. In 2017, a prosecutor of the International Criminal Court decided to fully investigate possible war crimes and crimes against humanity committed by the United States.

　　Third, the so-called western-style democracy may not be suitable for Afghanistan’s national conditions. Modern western democratic system can be generally established in European and American countries, which has gone through hundreds of years. During this period, it experienced the enlightenment of the Renaissance and the religious revolution, the direct promotion of the industrial revolution, and the repeated baptism of the bourgeois revolution. However, Afghanistan does not have the corresponding economic, class and ideological and cultural foundation. First of all, Afghanistan is one of the least developed countries in the world, with a low level of productivity. Secondly, since the 20th century, the capitalist economy has developed to a certain extent in Afghanistan, and a constitutional monarchy or a republican regime was established in the 1960s and 1970s. However, on the whole, the polarization between the rich and the poor in Afghanistan is wide, and about 40% of the population still lives below the poverty line. Thirdly, there are many tribes and ethnic groups in Afghanistan, and their identity is higher than that of the state, resulting in serious social and political polarization. Afghanistan is an Islamic country, and most people believe in Islam. It is difficult for many people, especially the middle and lower classes, to accept western democratic values. In such a country, Western-style democracy may aggravate the political and social division in Afghanistan, leading to national instability and ineffective governance.

　　It can be seen that the war in Afghanistan, which lasted for nearly 20 years, left a turbulent, divided and poor Afghanistan, and the United States should deeply reflect on its wrong policies.

　　(Author: Wang Feng, Unit: China Institute of African Studies, China Academy of Social Sciences)